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Мозг человека по-особенному обрабатывает родной язык, выяснили ученые

Science and culture

Ученые из Гарвардского (США) и Карлтонского (Канада) университетов обнаружили, что мозг человека, говорящего на нескольких языках, по-особенному обрабатывает звучание родного. Результаты исследования опубликованы в журнале Cerebral Cortex.

В исследовании приняли участие 34 полиглота, каждый из которых хотя бы в той или иной степени владел пятью или более языками, но не был двуязычным или многоязычным с младенчества (билингвом). Отмечается, что один из добровольцев говорил на 54 языках.

В ходе эксперимента участники должны были прослушать несколько текстов, озвучиваемых на восьми разных языках. В их число входили аудиозаписи на родном языке участников, а также языках, которыми они владели хорошо, умеренно и плохо. Мозговая активность испытуемых при этом непрерывно отлеживалась учеными с помощью функциональной магнитно-резонансной томографии (фМРТ).

Результаты показали, что, когда участники слушали аудиозаписи на языках, которыми они владели хорошо, языковая сеть мозга активировалась сильнее всего. Языковая сеть мозга охватывает разные его отделы, включая височную и лобную доли коры больших полушарий. Эта сеть специализируются на обработке речи.

Также ученые поняли, что при восприятии родной речи эта система практически не «прилагала усилий» для понимания и обработки информации. По словам исследователей, по мере повышения уровня владения определенным языком активность языковой сети также значительно ослабевает.

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