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Ученые выяснили, какие существа на Земле первыми научились светиться

Science and culture

Американские ученые из Смитсоновского национального музея естествознания установили, когда именно у земных организмов возникла биолюминесценция — способность излучать свет за счет химических реакций. Исследование опубликовано в научном журнале Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (RSPB).

Биолюминесценция независимо развивалась в природе по меньшей мере 94 раза. Животные пользуются этим свойством для маскировки, ухаживания, общения, охоты и в массе других ситуаций.

До сих пор считалось, что самое раннее датированное происхождение биолюминесценции случилось около 267 миллионов лет назад у мелких морских ракообразных, называемых остракодами.

Как показало новое исследование, свечение живых существ в природе появилось намного раньше — не позднее 540 млн лет назад. Первыми его освоили морские беспозвоночные — октокораллы. Октокораллы представляют собой колонии крошечных полипов с мягким каркасом. Обычно организмы излучают свет в ответ на стресс.

С помощью наборов генетических и эволюционных данных ученые проследили историю развития октокораллов от современности к ее источнику. Использовав различные статистические методы, исследователи установили, что общий предок всех октокораллов почти наверняка был биолюминесцентным.

По словам авторов работы, их открытие не только проливает свет на происхождение биолюминесценции, но им помогает лучше понять эволюционные процессы.

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