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Стало известно, как вкус пищи влияет на уровень сахара в крови

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Ученые из научного центра химических ощущений Монелла (США) обнаружили, что уровень сахара в крови может повышаться вследствие восприятия вкусовыми рецепторами сладкой пищи, даже если она содержит мало калорий и углеводов. Результаты исследования опубликованы в журнале PLOS One.

В рамках исследования испытуемым предложили употребить два вида сладких напитков. Первый представлял собой смесь натурального сахара (глюкозы) и низкокалорийного подсластителя под названием сукралоза. В состав второго напитка входил сахар и антагонист сладкого вкуса под названием лактизол. Это вещество состоит из натриевой соли и используется как регулятор сладости. До и после употребления у всех участников эксперимента взяли образцы крови для оценки уровней сахара и инсулина в них.

Оказалось, что напиток с сукралозой и глюкозой повышал концентрацию сахара и инсулина в крови участников несмотря на пониженное содержание в нем калорий. При этом добавленная сукралоза ускоряла выброс инсулина. Напиток с искусственно нейтрализованной сладостью, напротив, снижал уровни глюкозы и инсулина в плазме крови.

Ученые объяснили, что глюкоза воздействует вкусовые рецепторы, которые впоследствии передают информацию о сладком (искусственном или естественном) вкусе через кишечник регулирующим органам, таким как поджелудочная железа. Они, в свою очередь, стимулируют подъем сахара и инсулина в организме.

Исследователи также отметили, что рецепторы сладкого вкуса находятся не только во рту, но и в желудочно-кишечном тракте, поджелудочной железе, печени и жировых клетках. Они предположили, что злоупотребление заменителями сахара (как и натуральной глюкозой) может гиперстимулировать особые рецепторы AS1R2-TAS1R3 в организме, что приводит к неправильной регуляции уровня глюкозы в крови. Это может негативно повлиять на метаболизм и усвоение питательных веществ несмотря на очевидное отсутствие углеводов.

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